1/11/2024 0 Comments Dark darker yet darkergaster saysHe also noted heavy parasitism of the eggs of the Fijian swallowtail butterfly, Papilio schmeltzi (Herrich-Schäeffer 1869), which today is classified as “Near Threatened”. Nearly 140 years ago, Mathew observed that the eggs of the Samoan swallowtail were attacked by an unknown parasitoid wasp. The butterfly, which inhabits relatively undisturbed rainforest, oviposits on Micromelum minutum (family Rutaceae), a small tree indigenous to the Samoan Archipelago, and distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific. The Samoan swallowtail butterfly ( Papilio godeffroyi Semper 1866), is one of seven endemic butterfly species in the Samoan Archipelago and is classified as “Endangered” due to declining range, habitat, and population. Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. USGS Wildlife Program USDS-NIFA Hatch Program. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Additional support to PCB was provided by the USGS Wildlife Program. PCB and RWP were supported by the Natural Resources Protection Program (NRPP), a collaboration between the USGS and the National Park Service. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Program. Geological Survey (USGS contract #140G0322P0086). The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and via GenBank Accession Numbers: OQ648163–OQ648167 (COI) and OQ650244–OQ650251 (28S).įunding: AP and EBL were supported through an award from the U.S. This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. Received: ApAccepted: JPublished: August 9, 2023 PLoS ONE 18(8):Įditor: Ramzi Mansour, University of Carthage, TUNISIA (2023) Ooencyrtus pitosina (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)–A natural enemy of Samoan swallowtail butterfly Papilio godeffroyi (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Citation: Polaszek A, Noyes JS, Lugli EB, Schmaedick MA, Peck RW, Banko PC, et al.
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